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4x4 Clubhouse - First Aid
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First Aid Online
[ Introduction ]-
[ CPR ]-
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~ CPR (Detailed) ~
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
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C.P.R may mean the difference between life and death for someone you love. In cases of heart attack, drawing, electric shock or auto accident, you need to know how to use these simple techniques to bring a victim back to life! we will show you how to perform C.P.R correctly.
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- Determine unconsciousness.
- Establish an open airway.
- Check for breathing ( look, listen, and feel )
- Deliver two breath.
- Check for a carotid pulse.
- Begin C.P.R.
  
External Chest Compression
If mouth to mouth ventilation by itself is unsuccessful and the casualty's heart stops, or has stopped beating, you must perform external chest compression in conjunction with mouth to mouth ventilation.This is because without the heart to circulate the blood, oxygenated blood cannot reach the casualty's brain.
- Lay the casualty on their back on a firm
surface. Kneel alongside the casualty facing the chest and in line with
the heart. Locate the lower half of the breastbone, find the sternal
notch at the top and the intersection of the rib margins at the bottom.
Place your thumbs midway between these two landmarks to find the
center.
- Place the heel of one hand on the center of
the lower half of the breastbone, keeping your fingers off the ribs.
Cover this hand with the heel of your other hand and lock your fingers
together.
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- Keep your arm straight and move forwards
until your arms are vertical. Press down on the lower half of the
breastbone ( about 4 to 5 cm, 1.5 to 2 inches for the average adult ).
Move back wards to release pressure. Complete fifteen compressions at
the rate of eighty compression per minute. (To find the correct speed,
count one and two and three, and so on ).
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- Move back to the casualty's head and reopen
the airway.Seal the airway and give two breaths of mouth to mouth
ventilation.
- Continue with fifteen compression followed
by two full ventilation, repeating heart check after the first minute.
Thereafter,check heartbeat after every twelve cycles or three
minutes.
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- As soon as the heartbeat returns, stop
compression immediately. Continue mouth to mouth ventilation until
natural breathing is restored, assisting it when necessary, and
adjusting it to the casualty's rate. Place the casualty in the recovery
position.
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When resuscitation is successful, the carotid pulse will return. look at
the casualty's face and lips. The color will improve as blood containing oxygen
begins to circulate. When the casualty is not breathing the normal color turns
blue (cyanosis).
Resuscitation With Two First Aiders
When two first aiders are present, one should take charge and
maintain the open airway, mouth to mouth ventilation and check heartbeat. The
other should perform external chest compression. If resuscitation is prolonged
the first aider can change places to reduce the strain, and it may be easier if
they work on opposite sides of the body.
- One first aider takes up a position at the
casualty's head , the other kneels alongside the casualty level with the
middle of the chest.
- The first aider at the head immediately opens
the airways, gives the first aider should give five chest
compressions.
- Resuscitation then continues with the first aider
at the head opening the airway and giving a single inflation followed by the
other giving five compression. This is performed continuously at a rate of
sixty compression per minutes until the heartbeat is found. Heartbeat check
must be carried out after the first minute and then after every three minutes
or twelve cycles.
The operator at the head gives the inflation on the
up stroke of the fifth compression so that there is no pause.
Resuscitation For Children
The
techniques for resuscitation youths and older children are the same as for
adults, but they must be done slightly faster and with lighter pressure. For
children and infants use the techniques described below and place your hand over
the center of the breast bone for external chest compression.
For Children:
- Perform Mouth to Mouth Ventilation by sealing your
lips around the child's mouth and nose and breathing gently into the lungs at
a rate of 20 breaths per minute. Check for heartbeat after giving the first
four inflations.
- Perform external chest compression with light
pressure using one hand only. Press at a rate of 100 compression per minute to
a depth of 2.5 to3.5 cm (1 to 1.5 in ) with fifteen compression to two
ventilation.
For Infants and Small Children:
When resuscitating infants give very gentle puffs
and use very light pressure with two fingers only, apply at a rate of fifteen
compression to two ventilation.
- Perform mouth to mouth ventilation by sealing your
lips around the baby's mouth and nose and puffing gently into the lungs at a
rate of 20 breaths per minute. Check for heart beat after giving the first
four inflations.
- Perform external chest compression with two
fingers pressing at a rate of 100 times per minute to a depth of 1.5 to 2.5 cm
(0.5 to 1 in ).
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